Women in the Qur’an and the Sunnah
Spiritual and General Status :
In Islam, the Quran and Sunnah affirm that women possess rights and status as independent individuals, equal to men in spiritual matters, with entitlements to inheritance, the ability to enter into contracts, and control over property. While their roles may differ, often aligning with domestic responsibilities, the texts underscore their significance within the family as wives and mothers. The teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (Sunnah) and the Quran explicitly mandate kindness and respect towards women, recognising them as valuable members of both society and religious life.
Spiritual Equality:
Men and women are equally accountable to Allah, with the same rewards for good deeds and punishments for evil.
Purposeful Creation:
The Qur’an describes both sexes as created from a single soul to live in tranquility and love, highlighting their shared nature and interdependence.
Praising Statements:
Many Qur’anic verses, such as Surah Al-Ahzab 33:35, directly address and praise both believing men and women for their piety and virtues, signifying their equal spiritual standing.
Rights and Freedoms:
Economic and Property Rights::
Women have the right to inherit property and wealth and control it independently without interference.
Marital and Contractual Rights:
Islam established women’s legal standing, allowing them to enter into contracts, control their property, and choose their husbands.
Dowry and Financial Security:
Women are entitled to their own dowries and receive financial maintenance from their husbands.
Social and Familial Roles
Family and Motherhood:
The Qur’an acknowledges the critical role of women as mothers, wives, and caregivers for children.
Mutual Respect:
The relationship between husband and wife is described as that of a garment for each other, emphasising mutual support and protection.
Husband's Financial Responsibility:
Men are tasked with the financial support and maintenance of their families, a role designated by Allah (swt).
Ethical and Moral Guidance
Kindness and Respect:
The Sunnah stresses that the best Muslims are those who are best to their wives, with the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) setting an example of honouring and respecting women.
Dignity and Protection:
The texts strongly opposed practices like female infanticide, common in pre-Islamic Arabia and sought to protect women’s honour and rights.
Righteous Divorce:
If divorce is necessary, it must be conducted honourably, with respect, and without unnecessary conflict or harm.